See fouler on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "foul",
"3": "er"
},
"expansion": "foul + -er",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From foul + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "foulers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fouler (plural foulers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 37 9 6 8 24 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 42 6 5 6 30 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, Saleem Mustafa, Rossita Shapawi, Aquaculture Ecosystems: Adaptability and Sustainability, page 119:",
"text": "For example, several species of hydroids and bryozoans are important foulers of salmon cages in Australia (Hodson et al., 2000) and Norway (Guenther et al., 2010).",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One who fouls."
],
"id": "en-fouler-en-noun-DjmhKNH0",
"links": [
[
"foul",
"foul"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfaʊl.ə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfaʊl.ɚ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fouler.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/En-us-fouler.ogg/En-us-fouler.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/En-us-fouler.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "fowler"
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-fouler.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-uk-fouler.ogg/En-uk-fouler.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-uk-fouler.ogg"
}
],
"word": "fouler"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "foul",
"3": "er"
},
"expansion": "foul + -er",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From foul + -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "comparative adjective"
},
"expansion": "fouler",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "more foul",
"word": "foul"
}
],
"glosses": [
"comparative form of foul: more foul"
],
"id": "en-fouler-en-adj-nc-ClpCG",
"links": [
[
"foul",
"foul#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"comparative",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfaʊl.ə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfaʊl.ɚ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fouler.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/En-us-fouler.ogg/En-us-fouler.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/En-us-fouler.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "fowler"
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-fouler.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-uk-fouler.ogg/En-uk-fouler.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-uk-fouler.ogg"
}
],
"word": "fouler"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foule"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "fouller",
"4": "",
"5": "to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat"
},
"expansion": "Middle French fouller (“to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "foler",
"4": "",
"5": "to crush, act wickedly"
},
"expansion": "Old French foler (“to crush, act wickedly”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*fullāre",
"4": "",
"5": "to trample, to full"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *fullāre (“to trample, to full”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "fullō",
"4": "",
"5": "fuller"
},
"expansion": "Latin fullō (“fuller”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French fouller (“to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat”), from Old French foler (“to crush, act wickedly”), from Vulgar Latin *fullāre (“to trample, to full”), from Latin fullō (“fuller”). More at full.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fr-conj-auto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fouler",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "foulant",
"ipa": "/fu.lɑ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ayant + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "foulé",
"ipa": "/fu.le/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "foule",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foules",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foule",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulons",
"ipa": "/fu.lɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "foulez",
"ipa": "/fu.le/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulent",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulais",
"ipa": "/fu.lɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulais",
"ipa": "/fu.lɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulait",
"ipa": "/fu.lɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulions",
"ipa": "/fu.ljɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fouliez",
"ipa": "/fu.lje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulaient",
"ipa": "/fu.lɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulai",
"ipa": "/fu.le/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulas",
"ipa": "/fu.la/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foula",
"ipa": "/fu.la/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulâmes",
"ipa": "/fu.lam/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foulâtes",
"ipa": "/fu.lat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulèrent",
"ipa": "/fu.lɛʁ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerai",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fouleras",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulera",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerons",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerez",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fouleront",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerais",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerais",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerait",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerions",
"ipa": "/fu.lə.ʁjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fouleriez",
"ipa": "/fu.lə.ʁje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fouleraient",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "foule",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foules",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foule",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulions",
"ipa": "/fu.ljɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fouliez",
"ipa": "/fu.lje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foulent",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulasse",
"ipa": "/fu.las/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foulasses",
"ipa": "/fu.las/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foulât",
"ipa": "/fu.la/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulassions",
"ipa": "/fu.la.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foulassiez",
"ipa": "/fu.la.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foulassent",
"ipa": "/fu.las/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foule",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulons",
"ipa": "/fu.lɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foulez",
"ipa": "/fu.le/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fouler",
"name": "fr-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fr-conj-auto"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 18 14 20 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to stamp, to impress, to dent; to mill"
],
"id": "en-fouler-fr-verb-qfGyTn28",
"links": [
[
"stamp",
"stamp"
],
[
"impress",
"impress"
],
[
"dent",
"dent"
],
[
"mill",
"mill"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to stamp, to impress, to dent; to mill"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 18 14 20 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to walk on, to tread, to trample"
],
"id": "en-fouler-fr-verb-ALXvmJoV",
"links": [
[
"walk",
"walk"
],
[
"tread",
"tread"
],
[
"trample",
"trample"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to walk on, to tread, to trample"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 18 14 20 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "fouler aux pieds",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to oppress, to mistreat"
],
"id": "en-fouler-fr-verb-JeIbXnuZ",
"links": [
[
"oppress",
"oppress"
],
[
"mistreat",
"mistreat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to oppress, to mistreat"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 10 23 38 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 10 22 33 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 18 14 20 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to injure by knocking, bumping or dinting"
],
"id": "en-fouler-fr-verb-zvFqVC0P",
"links": [
[
"injure",
"injure"
],
[
"knock",
"knock"
],
[
"bump",
"bump"
],
[
"dint",
"dint"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to injure by knocking, bumping or dinting"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 18 14 20 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I sprained my ankle playing rugby.",
"text": "Je me suis foulé la cheville en jouant au rugby",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sprain"
],
"id": "en-fouler-fr-verb-5lKMuezd",
"links": [
[
"sprain",
"sprain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive) to sprain"
],
"tags": [
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French negative polarity items",
"parents": [
"Negative polarity items",
"Terms by semantic function"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 18 14 20 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "not to overdo it",
"text": "ne pas se fouler",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to wear oneself out, to overdo it"
],
"id": "en-fouler-fr-verb-GdDQklX1",
"links": [
[
"wear oneself out",
"wear out"
],
[
"overdo",
"overdo"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pronominal, chiefly in the negative, colloquial) to wear oneself out, to overdo it"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the negative"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"pronominal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fu.le/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-fouler.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-fouler.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-fouler.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-fouler.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-fouler.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-e"
},
{
"homophone": "foulai"
},
{
"homophone": "foulé"
},
{
"homophone": "foulée"
},
{
"homophone": "foulées"
},
{
"homophone": "foulés"
},
{
"homophone": "foulez"
}
],
"word": "fouler"
}
{
"categories": [
"English comparative adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -er",
"English terms with homophones",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "foul",
"3": "er"
},
"expansion": "foul + -er",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From foul + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "foulers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fouler (plural foulers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, Saleem Mustafa, Rossita Shapawi, Aquaculture Ecosystems: Adaptability and Sustainability, page 119:",
"text": "For example, several species of hydroids and bryozoans are important foulers of salmon cages in Australia (Hodson et al., 2000) and Norway (Guenther et al., 2010).",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One who fouls."
],
"links": [
[
"foul",
"foul"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfaʊl.ə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfaʊl.ɚ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fouler.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/En-us-fouler.ogg/En-us-fouler.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/En-us-fouler.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "fowler"
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-fouler.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-uk-fouler.ogg/En-uk-fouler.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-uk-fouler.ogg"
}
],
"word": "fouler"
}
{
"categories": [
"English comparative adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -er",
"English terms with homophones",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "foul",
"3": "er"
},
"expansion": "foul + -er",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From foul + -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "comparative adjective"
},
"expansion": "fouler",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English comparative adjectives"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "more foul",
"word": "foul"
}
],
"glosses": [
"comparative form of foul: more foul"
],
"links": [
[
"foul",
"foul#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"comparative",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfaʊl.ə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfaʊl.ɚ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fouler.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/En-us-fouler.ogg/En-us-fouler.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/En-us-fouler.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "fowler"
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-fouler.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-uk-fouler.ogg/En-uk-fouler.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-uk-fouler.ogg"
}
],
"word": "fouler"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French first group verbs",
"French lemmas",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with homophones",
"French undefined derivations",
"French verbs",
"French verbs with conjugation -er",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:French/e"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "foule"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "fouller",
"4": "",
"5": "to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat"
},
"expansion": "Middle French fouller (“to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "foler",
"4": "",
"5": "to crush, act wickedly"
},
"expansion": "Old French foler (“to crush, act wickedly”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*fullāre",
"4": "",
"5": "to trample, to full"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *fullāre (“to trample, to full”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "fullō",
"4": "",
"5": "fuller"
},
"expansion": "Latin fullō (“fuller”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French fouller (“to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat”), from Old French foler (“to crush, act wickedly”), from Vulgar Latin *fullāre (“to trample, to full”), from Latin fullō (“fuller”). More at full.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fr-conj-auto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fouler",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "foulant",
"ipa": "/fu.lɑ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ayant + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "foulé",
"ipa": "/fu.le/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "foule",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foules",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foule",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulons",
"ipa": "/fu.lɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "foulez",
"ipa": "/fu.le/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulent",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulais",
"ipa": "/fu.lɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulais",
"ipa": "/fu.lɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulait",
"ipa": "/fu.lɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulions",
"ipa": "/fu.ljɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fouliez",
"ipa": "/fu.lje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulaient",
"ipa": "/fu.lɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulai",
"ipa": "/fu.le/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulas",
"ipa": "/fu.la/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foula",
"ipa": "/fu.la/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulâmes",
"ipa": "/fu.lam/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foulâtes",
"ipa": "/fu.lat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulèrent",
"ipa": "/fu.lɛʁ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerai",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fouleras",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulera",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerons",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerez",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fouleront",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerais",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerais",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerait",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerions",
"ipa": "/fu.lə.ʁjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fouleriez",
"ipa": "/fu.lə.ʁje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fouleraient",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "foule",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foules",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foule",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulions",
"ipa": "/fu.ljɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fouliez",
"ipa": "/fu.lje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foulent",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulasse",
"ipa": "/fu.las/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foulasses",
"ipa": "/fu.las/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foulât",
"ipa": "/fu.la/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulassions",
"ipa": "/fu.la.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foulassiez",
"ipa": "/fu.la.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foulassent",
"ipa": "/fu.las/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foule",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulons",
"ipa": "/fu.lɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foulez",
"ipa": "/fu.le/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fouler",
"name": "fr-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fr-conj-auto"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to stamp, to impress, to dent; to mill"
],
"links": [
[
"stamp",
"stamp"
],
[
"impress",
"impress"
],
[
"dent",
"dent"
],
[
"mill",
"mill"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to stamp, to impress, to dent; to mill"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to walk on, to tread, to trample"
],
"links": [
[
"walk",
"walk"
],
[
"tread",
"tread"
],
[
"trample",
"trample"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to walk on, to tread, to trample"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French terms with collocations",
"French transitive verbs",
"Requests for translations of French usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "fouler aux pieds",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to oppress, to mistreat"
],
"links": [
[
"oppress",
"oppress"
],
[
"mistreat",
"mistreat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to oppress, to mistreat"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to injure by knocking, bumping or dinting"
],
"links": [
[
"injure",
"injure"
],
[
"knock",
"knock"
],
[
"bump",
"bump"
],
[
"dint",
"dint"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to injure by knocking, bumping or dinting"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French reflexive verbs",
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I sprained my ankle playing rugby.",
"text": "Je me suis foulé la cheville en jouant au rugby",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sprain"
],
"links": [
[
"sprain",
"sprain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive) to sprain"
],
"tags": [
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French colloquialisms",
"French negative polarity items",
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "not to overdo it",
"text": "ne pas se fouler",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to wear oneself out, to overdo it"
],
"links": [
[
"wear oneself out",
"wear out"
],
[
"overdo",
"overdo"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pronominal, chiefly in the negative, colloquial) to wear oneself out, to overdo it"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the negative"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"pronominal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fu.le/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-fouler.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-fouler.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-fouler.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-fouler.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-fouler.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-e"
},
{
"homophone": "foulai"
},
{
"homophone": "foulé"
},
{
"homophone": "foulée"
},
{
"homophone": "foulées"
},
{
"homophone": "foulés"
},
{
"homophone": "foulez"
}
],
"word": "fouler"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fouler meaning in All languages combined (15.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.